Symbol	Definition
\[\overrightarrow{r}\]	A column vector of \(r_{y}\) from \(y = 1\) to \(y = Y\)
\[{\overrightarrow{r}}_{D}\]	Vector of \(r_{y}\) from \(y = Y\)to \(y = 1\). This is \(\overrightarrow{r}\) in reverse order, or equivalently in the order of development age from \(d = 1\) to \(d = D\)
\[\overrightarrow{R}\]	Vector of \(R_{d}\) from \(d = 1\) to \(d = D\), the cumulative sum of \(r_{d}\)
\[\overrightarrow{\mu}\]	Vector of \({\widehat{\mu}}_{d}\) from \(d = 1\) to \(d = D\)
\[\overrightarrow{g}\]	Vector of age-to-age UDF \({\widehat{g}}_{d}\) from \(d = D\) to \(d = 1\)
\[\overrightarrow{G}\]	Vector of age-to-ultimate UDF \({\widehat{G}}_{d}\) from \(d = D\) to \(d = 1\)
\[\overrightarrow{1}\]	A column vector of 1’s repeated \(Y\) times
\[\overrightarrow{U}\]	Vector of diagonal estimated ultimate losses \(U_{y,D - y + 1\ }\)from \(y = 1\) to \(y = Y\)
\[\mathbf{N}\]	Nominal (raw) variance-covariance matrix of \(\ln\left( g_{d} \right)\) from \(d = 1\) to \(d = D\)
\[\mathbf{M}\]	Modified variance-covariance matrix of \(\ln\left( g_{d} \right)\), further defined in Section 5
\[\overrightarrow{R} \cdot \overrightarrow{\mu}\]	Dot product or inner product of two vectors or matrices of the same size, defined as \(\overrightarrow{R} \cdot \overrightarrow{\mu} = \sum_{d = 1}^{D}{R_{d}{\widehat{\mu}}_{d}\ }\)for vectors and \(\mathbf{M} \cdot \mathbf{N} = \sum_{i = 1}^{Y}{\sum_{j = 1}^{Y}m_{ij}n_{ij}}\) for matrices
\[\times\]	Matrix multiplication operator. \(\mathbf{A} \times \mathbf{B}\) may be shortened to \(\mathbf{AB}\) if it is unambiguous. In MS Excel, \(\mathbf{A} \times \mathbf{B}\) is calculated by MMULT(A, B).
\[{\overrightarrow{\mu}}^{T}\]	Transpose of vector \(\overrightarrow{\mu}\), turning it from a column vector into a row vector